The Indo-Australian monsoon and its relationship to ENSO and IOD in reanalysis data and the CMIP3/CMIP5 simulations     

Nicolas C. Jourdain  Alexander Sen Gupta  Andréa S. Taschetto  Caroline C. Ummenhofer  Aurel F. Moise  Karumuri Ashok 《Climate Dynamics》2013,41(11-12):3073-3102

A large spread exists in both Indian and Australian average monsoon rainfall and in their interannual variations diagnosed from various observational and reanalysis products. While the multi model mean monsoon rainfall from 59 models taking part in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5) fall within the observational uncertainty, considerable model spread exists. Rainfall seasonality is consistent across observations and reanalyses, but most CMIP models produce either a too peaked or a too flat seasonal cycle, with CMIP5 models generally performing better than CMIP3. Considering all North-Australia rainfall, most models reproduce the observed Australian monsoon-El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnection, with the strength of the relationship dependent on the strength of the simulated ENSO. However, over the Maritime Continent, the simulated monsoon-ENSO connection is generally weaker than observed, depending on the ability of each model to realistically reproduce the ENSO signature in the Warm Pool region. A large part of this bias comes from the contribution of Papua, where moisture convergence seems to be particularly affected by this SST bias. The Indian summer monsoon-ENSO relationship is affected by overly persistent ENSO events in many CMIP models. Despite significant wind anomalies in the Indian Ocean related to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events, the monsoon-IOD relationship remains relatively weak both in the observations and in the CMIP models. Based on model fidelity in reproducing realistic monsoon characteristics and ENSO teleconnections, we objectively select 12 “best” models to analyze projections in the rcp8.5 scenario. Eleven of these models are from the CMIP5 ensemble. In India and Australia, most of these models produce 5–20 % more monsoon rainfall over the second half of the twentieth century than during the late nineteenth century. By contrast, there is no clear model consensus over the Maritime Continent.  相似文献   

Publisher’s Erratum to: The Herschel PACS photometer calibration     

Markus Nielbock  Thomas Müller  Ulrich Klaas  Bruno Altieri  Zoltán Balog  Nicolas Billot  Hendrik Linz  Koryo Okumura  Miguel Sánchez-Portal  Marc Sauvage 《Experimental Astronomy》2014,37(2):127-127

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Probing the IRC+10 ° 216 circumstellar envelope using spectroscopic observations of background stars     

Tim Kendall  Nicolas Mauron  June McCombie  Peter Sarre 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2004,289(3-4):203-206

A unique and novel set of observations has been undertaken to study the circumstellar envelope (CSE) of the nearby (130 pc) carbon star IRC +10° 216 using optical absorption spectroscopy towards twobackground stars lying beyond the envelope.The primary aim of the observations is to search for diffuse band (DIB)carriers in the CSE. The circumstellar H+2H₂column density expected along the line of sight towards the targets islarge compared to that derived from the small interstellar reddening inthis region, E _B-V< 0.03 mag. We summarise our mainfindings, already reported in Kendall et al. (2002): The 6284Å DIB is detected in the VLT/UVES spectrum of one target, but clearly arises inthe foreground ISM. No other DIB is seen. Hence the DIB carriers, if present in the CSE, have a low abundance relative to H in the C-rich envelope of IRC +10°216, in comparison with this ratio in theISM. An important new result, previously unreported, concerns the detectionof circumstellar C₂ via absorption of the Phillips bandnear 8760Å.  相似文献   

Editorial     

Max Coleman  Claude Jaupart  Alfred Kröner  Adolphe Nicolas 《地学学报》2002,14(5):301-301

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Solar abundance of praseodymium     

Emile Biémont  Nicolas Grevesse  Øivind Hauge 《Solar physics》1979,61(1):17-22

16 lines of Pr ii possibly present in the solar photospheric spectrum have been studied. When including hyperfine structure in synthetic calculations, investigations of 9 lines result in an abundance A _Pr = 0.71 ± 0.08 in the log A _H = 12.00 scale.  相似文献   

First detection of polarization of the submillimeter diffuse Galactic dust emission by Archeops     

Nicolas Ponthieu 《New Astronomy Reviews》2003,47(11-12):1047

We present the first determination of the Galactic polarized emission at 353 GHz by Archeops. The data were taken during the Arctic night of February 7, 2002 after the balloon-borne instrument was launched by CNES from the Swedish Esrange base near Kiruna. In addition to the 143 and 217 GHz frequency bands dedicated to CMB studies, Archeops had one 545 GHz and six 353 GHz bolometers mounted in three polarization sensitive pairs that were used for Galactic foreground studies. We present maps of the I,Q,U Stokes parameters over 17% of the sky and with a 13 arcmin resolution at 353 GHz (850 μm). They show a significant Galactic large scale polarized emission coherent on the longitude ranges [100°,120°] and [180°,200°] with a degree of polarization at the level of 4–5%, in agreement with expectations from starlight polarization measurements. Some regions in the Galactic plane (Gem OB1, Cassiopeia) show an even stronger degree of polarization in the range 10–20%. Those findings provide strong evidence for a powerful grain alignment mechanism throughout the interstellar medium and a coherent magnetic field coplanar to the Galactic plane. This magnetic field pervades even some dense clouds. Extrapolated to high Galactic latitude, these results indicate that interstellar dust polarized emission is the major foreground for PLANCK-HFI CMB polarization measurement.  相似文献   

Cadmium,copper and lead in the western Mediterranean Sea     

F. Laumond  G. Copin-Montegut  P. Courau  E. Nicolas 《Marine Chemistry》1984,15(3):251-261

The results of determinations of cadmium, copper and lead in western Mediterranean waters collected during the PHYCEMED 81 cruise are discussed in this paper. The analyses were carried out according to two different methods: flameless atomic absorption and anodic stripping voltammetry. Very strict conditions of sampling and treatment were maintained in order to reduce the chance of contamination. The concentrations found are considerably lower than those usually reported for Mediterranean waters. The distributions are homogeneous, both vertically and from one station to another. The average concentrations are 8 ng 1^?1 for Cd, 90 ng 1^?1 for Cu and 30–40 ng^?1 for Pb. This homogeneity, as well as the concentrations of cadmium and lead, may be explained by the hydrological conditions of the Mediterranean Sea.  相似文献   

The earthquake in Churwalden (CH) of September 3, 1295     

Gabriela Schwarz-Zanetti  Nicolas Deichmann  Donat Fäh  Virgilio Masciadri  Jürg Goll 《Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae》2004,97(2):255-264

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Metasomatism and melting history of a Variscan lithospheric mantle domain: evidence from the Puy Beaunit xenoliths (French Massif Central)     

Olivier?FéméniasEmail author  Nicolas?Coussaert  Julien?Berger  Jean-Claude?C.?Mercier  Daniel?Demaiffe 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2004,148(1):13-28

Mantle xenoliths from Puy Beaunit (French Massif Central) are compositionally varied, ranging from relatively fertile spinel lherzolites to refractory spinel dunites. Fertile peridotites have registered a modal (amphibole-bearing lherzolites) and cryptic metasomatic event that took place before the last Permian (257 Ma) melting episode. Depletion processes have been constrained by chemical modelling: the depletion is related to different degrees of partial melting, but two major melt extraction episodes are needed to explain the range of major element composition. The second event was responsible for the local large-scale dunitification of former residues. The first melting event (F25%) and metasomatic enrichment are attributed to an ancient fluid and/or liquid infiltration that could be related to a pre-Variscan regional subduction (located to the north of the Beaunit area). Texture acquisition and major deformation of the mantle xenoliths were sub-contemporaneous of the subduction and would result from lithospheric delamination. The second melting event (F17%) produced high-Mg basalts with calc-alkaline trace element signature that gave rise to the Permian underplating episode recognised in western Europe.  相似文献   

Bioremediation and toxicity determination of natural seawater polluted with weathered crude oil by salt-tolerant consortia in a SBR   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Ruiz M  Pasadakis N  Kalogerakis N 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(11):1490-1493

The aim of this research was to compare the bioremediation treatment of seawater polluted with two different concentrations of weathered crude oil (0.2 for experiment (a) and 1.14% for experiment (b), v/v) by salt-tolerant consortia enriched from the sludge of a refinery wastewater treatment facility, in a SBR. The use of a commercial bioremediation stimulant (S200) was also evaluated as an alternative to the traditional nitrogen and phosphorus supplement.  相似文献